Immunologic Alterations in the Lung Cancer Environment of Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor

Summary

Immunotherapy has reshaped the field of lung cancer therapeutics but despite positive results only a minority (<20%) of the patients derived a very long-term benefit from Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) therapy warranting a companion diagnostic. In this work, total expression of relevant transcripts and spatially resolved proteins was quantitated using multiplexed methods (NanoString nCounter and GeoMx platforms). This analysis identified numerous differentially expressed transcripts associated with the response to ICI. In addition, significant alterations in the expression and/or spatial distribution of immunologically relevant proteins in different regions (tumor cell rich versus immune cell rich) of the tumor microenvironment provide additional insight into the predictive immunological effects of clinically relevant adjuvant ICI therapy for resectable lung cancer. Taken together, these results identify gene expression profiles within the tumor microenvironment and provide preliminary evidence on biomarkers that may influence the suitability of ICIs

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